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The Special Education Observatory · East South Central · South

Special education in Kentucky

Students with IEPs in Kentucky, where they spend the school day, and all 177 districts, from 2024–25 federal data.

  • 104,308school-age students with IEPs1.4% of the national total
  • 15.9%of enrolled students have an IEP0.5 points above the nation (15.3%) · 21st of 51
  • 76.8%in general education 80% or more of the day8.9 points above the nation (67.9%) · 12th of 51
  • 8.5%in general education less than 40% of the day4.6 points below the nation (13.0%) · 40th of 51
  • 174districts reporting a count1 withheld for privacy

Public data, 2024–25 school year · Data retrieved October 4, 2026

Kentucky, district by district

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Loading the Kentucky district map.

Where students learn

Every setting the federal educational environments file reports for school-age students with IEPs in Kentucky, beside the national share.

Share of school-age students with IEPs in each setting, Kentucky, with United States (50 states and DC) marked. The table beside it gives the same figures.
  • In general education 80% or more of the day76.8%
  • In general education 40% to 79% of the day12.8%
  • In general education less than 40% of the day8.5%
  • Separate school0.3%
  • Residential facility0.2%
  • Homebound or hospital1.0%
  • Correctional facilityLess than 0.1%
  • Parentally placed in private school0.9%
Where students learn, Kentucky
SettingStudentsShareUnited States
In general education 80% or more of the day79,91976.8%67.9%
In general education 40% to 79% of the day12,96712.8%15.2%
In general education less than 40% of the day8,2978.5%13.0%
Separate school2810.3%2.5%
Residential facility1920.2%0.1%
Homebound or hospital6641.0%0.3%
Correctional facility37Less than 0.1%0.1%
Parentally placed in private school6200.9%1.8%

What may be driving it

Where Kentucky sits among the 50 states and DC on five measures, beside the nation.

Kentucky among 50 states and DC on five measures. Each row gives the figure and its rank.
  • Identification rate15.9%21st highest of 51
  • In general education 80% or more of the day76.8%12th highest of 51
  • In separate settings1.3%39th highest of 51
  • Spending per student$14,60035th highest of 51
  • School-age poverty (estimate)17.5%8th highest of 51

Questions worth asking

  1. 76.8% of students with IEPs spend 80% or more of the day in general education, against 67.9% for the nation. What makes inclusion work where it does, and what limits it elsewhere?[2]
  2. 1.3% of students with IEPs learn in separate settings, against 2.8% for the nation. What share of special education spending follows those placements?[2]

These figures describe; they do not explain. Each question is a starting point for a conversation, not a finding.

Every district in Kentucky

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Showing 177 of 177

Every district in Kentucky. Select a column heading to sort.
Adair CountyColumbia · Regular school district2,58534013.2%79.7%7.6%25.1%$12,778
Allen CountyScottsville · Regular school district3,13854317.3%79.6%9.9%18.1%$12,839
Anchorage IndependentAnchorage · Regular school district3924210.7%78.6%Not published3.4%$25,561
Anderson CountyLawrenceburg · Regular school district3,63351514.2%85.6%4.5%10.9%$11,973
Ashland IndependentAshland · Regular school district3,08353017.2%61.9%8.9%23.7%$14,409
Augusta IndependentAugusta · Regular school district3345416.2%88.9%Not published26.7%$14,578
Ballard CountyBarlow · Regular school district1,01512712.5%91.3%Not published20.8%$14,370
Barbourville IndependentBarbourville · Regular school district75710113.3%Not publishedNot published42.1%$11,895
Bardstown IndependentBardstown · Regular school district2,86949017.1%72.2%9.0%19.4%$14,657
Barren CountyGlasgow · Regular school district4,90879916.3%86.7%4.3%18.9%$14,410
Bath CountyOwingsville · Regular school district1,93634717.9%88.2%2.9%32.6%$12,565
Beechwood IndependentFort Mitchell · Regular school district1,5721348.5%73.1%10.4%4.0%$11,461
Bell CountyPineville · Regular school district2,43745918.8%78.0%10.0%32.6%$15,561
Bellevue IndependentBellevue · Regular school district5518515.4%89.4%Not published14.1%$19,636
Berea IndependentBerea · Regular school district97124224.9%69.4%Not published19.6%$17,981
Boone CountyFlorence · Regular school district20,5142,77313.5%77.2%10.6%8.1%$13,635
Bourbon CountyParis · Regular school district2,55737614.7%71.3%8.2%15.2%$14,390
Bowling Green IndependentBowling Green · Regular school district4,83163413.1%76.2%6.9%26.6%$14,367
Boyd CountyAshland · Regular school district2,99470523.5%71.5%9.2%15.4%$17,205
Boyle CountyDanville · Regular school district2,95146815.9%91.9%6.0%11.2%$12,938
Bracken CountyBrooksville · Regular school district1,13323921.1%83.7%7.1%17.9%$13,057
Breathitt CountyJackson · Regular school district1,67135020.9%78.3%8.3%34.7%$15,523
Breckinridge CountyHardinsburg · Regular school district2,67752319.5%80.9%11.1%17.3%$13,390
Bullitt CountyShepherdsville · Regular school district13,0071,72513.3%74.4%11.1%9.9%$12,307
Burgin IndependentBurgin · Regular school district5257313.9%91.8%Not published11.3%$13,547
Butler CountyMorgantown · Regular school district2,21940218.1%81.6%7.7%20.7%$13,181
Caldwell CountyPrinceton · Regular school district1,87921211.3%84.4%10.4%19.4%$11,642
Calloway CountyMurray · Regular school district3,02048316.0%73.5%Not published14.5%$13,107
Campbell CountyAlexandria · Regular school district5,16689517.3%74.3%6.4%7.6%$14,103
Campbellsville IndependentCampbellsville · Regular school district1,36023617.4%93.6%Not published29.3%$13,350
Carlisle CountyBardwell · Regular school district73810714.5%85.0%10.3%17.4%$13,558
Carroll CountyCarrollton · Regular school district1,97627413.9%89.1%9.1%21.9%$15,907
Carter CountyGrayson · Regular school district3,98374418.7%64.8%6.5%21.6%$12,494
Casey CountyLiberty · Regular school district2,17942319.4%82.7%8.0%23.2%$14,007
Caverna IndependentCave City · Regular school district65413019.9%90.0%Not published29.0%$18,334
Christian CountyHopkinsville · Regular school district8,0921,32916.4%72.6%15.5%24.5%$12,874
Clark CountyWinchester · Regular school district5,55293516.8%87.2%4.5%14.9%$14,277
Clay CountyManchester · Regular school district2,94867923.0%77.9%9.6%35.5%$13,696
Clinton CountyAlbany · Regular school district1,49127118.2%90.0%5.2%27.0%$14,140
Cloverport IndependentCloverport · Regular school district2,68547117.5%87.7%Not published62.8%$8,277
Corbin IndependentCorbin · Regular school district3,03842113.9%76.2%3.6%28.3%$12,580
Covington IndependentCovington · Regular school district3,55754215.2%72.3%11.4%26.6%$17,515
Craft AcademyMorehead · Other local education agency0Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Crittenden CountyMarion · Regular school district1,27219415.3%88.1%Not published23.4%$13,219
Cumberland CountyBurkesville · Regular school district1,01120320.1%84.2%Not published28.2%$14,023
Danville IndependentDanville · Regular school district1,78735920.1%79.9%8.6%18.5%$15,755
Daviess CountyOwensboro · Regular school district10,9481,63214.9%72.0%10.8%11.6%$13,226
Dawson Springs IndependentDawson Springs · Regular school district63112820.3%84.4%8.6%29.9%$13,563
Dayton IndependentDayton · Regular school district81116620.5%81.3%12.0%23.1%$16,760
East Bernstadt IndependentEast Bernstadt · Regular school district5447413.6%90.5%Not published17.3%$11,652
Edmonson CountyBrownsville · Regular school district1,85735519.1%90.7%4.2%17.0%$12,399
Elizabethtown IndependentElizabethtown · Regular school district2,45935214.3%82.1%10.2%15.3%$12,821
Elliott CountySandy Hook · Regular school district89215717.6%77.7%Not published26.3%$14,689
Eminence IndependentEminence · Regular school district1,00612412.3%80.6%Not published20.4%$12,287
Erlanger-Elsmere IndependentErlanger · Regular school district2,43136815.1%68.5%10.9%15.2%$14,990
Estill CountyIrvine · Regular school district2,21638117.2%85.3%5.5%21.0%$12,651
Fairview IndependentAshland · Regular school district52812122.9%94.2%Not published20.9%$17,208
Fayette CountyLexington · Regular school district42,1385,26612.5%71.0%3.7%11.8%$18,742
Fleming CountyFlemingsburg · Regular school district2,18337817.3%87.6%Not published22.0%$13,242
Floyd CountyEastern · Regular school district5,34797418.2%76.5%9.2%32.2%$13,628
Fort Thomas IndependentFort Thomas · Regular school district3,1702678.4%87.3%4.1%4.0%$12,843
Frankfort IndependentFrankfort · Regular school district95912613.1%73.8%Not published17.6%$14,619
Franklin CountyFrankfort · Regular school district6,1991,05917.1%84.4%6.1%12.1%$15,170
Fulton CountyHickman · Regular school district6119715.9%80.4%Not published30.0%$15,197
Fulton IndependentFulton · Regular school district2936522.2%76.9%Not published38.3%$22,778
Gallatin CountyWarsaw · Regular school district1,42622315.6%88.3%6.7%16.1%$12,866
Garrard CountyLancaster · Regular school district2,50341316.5%84.0%7.5%17.4%$13,587
Glasgow IndependentGlasgow · Regular school district2,51142116.8%88.6%7.4%26.5%$12,259
Grant CountyWilliamstown · Regular school district3,21656217.5%86.1%4.8%16.5%$13,770
Graves CountyMayfield · Regular school district3,90665916.9%84.7%4.7%19.4%$12,894
Grayson CountyLeitchfield · Regular school district4,03068417.0%88.0%8.5%28.6%$11,927
Green CountyGreensburg · Regular school district1,67529017.3%80.0%Not published22.6%$13,836
Greenup CountyGreenup · Regular school district2,50944417.7%74.5%Not published20.8%$14,309
Hancock CountyHawesville · Regular school district1,44923716.4%80.6%Not published14.0%$16,038
Hardin CountyElizabethtown · Regular school district14,5832,45116.8%76.8%8.8%12.8%$13,057
Harlan CountyHarlan · Regular school district3,32795728.8%89.1%Not published34.0%$15,102
Harlan IndependentHarlan · Regular school district90019021.1%95.8%Not published39.5%$11,213
Harrison CountyCynthiana · Regular school district2,98249016.4%76.1%11.2%19.0%$11,874
Hart CountyMunfordville · Regular school district2,32249921.5%89.6%5.8%20.9%$13,163
Hazard IndependentHazard · Regular school district1,01618418.1%90.8%7.1%27.3%$15,039
Henderson CountyHenderson · Regular school district6,7071,00214.9%85.9%5.8%20.0%$13,229
Henry CountyNew Castle · Regular school district1,98434917.6%84.5%Not published18.2%$13,470
Hickman CountyClinton · Regular school district75910313.6%83.5%Not published24.3%$14,748
Hopkins CountyMadisonville · Regular school district6,2651,30420.8%58.7%6.4%20.8%$12,529
Jackson CountyMcKee · Regular school district1,99749824.9%72.9%7.6%28.1%$13,736
Jackson IndependentJackson · Regular school district3716216.7%88.7%Not published67.4%$14,565
Jefferson CountyLouisville · Regular school district95,18012,27312.9%55.8%17.0%18.3%$18,739
Jenkins IndependentJenkins · Regular school district4539120.1%89.0%Not published53.8%$17,037
Jessamine CountyNicholasville · Regular school district8,3311,30215.6%80.8%6.6%15.3%$14,187
Johnson CountyPaintsville · Regular school district3,29264919.7%65.0%14.2%19.9%$15,240
Kenton CountyFort Wright · Regular school district13,8341,88113.6%79.1%10.8%7.2%$12,024
Kentucky National Guard Youth ChalleNGe AcademiesEminence · Federal operated agency1803620.0%80.6%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Kentucky School for the Blind DistrictLouisville · State operated agency6363100.0%0.0%0.0%Not publishedNot published
Kentucky School for the Deaf DistrictDanville · State operated agency72Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Kentucky Tech SystemFrankfort · State operated agency0Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Knott CountyHindman · Regular school district2,04945722.3%86.9%6.8%27.8%$15,342
Knox CountyBarbourville · Regular school district3,71882522.2%78.9%7.9%29.6%$16,392
LaRue CountyHodgenville · Regular school district2,44843317.7%79.7%8.1%16.0%$12,342
Laurel CountyLondon · Regular school district8,6761,89421.8%75.6%7.9%22.5%$12,974
Lawrence CountyLouisa · Regular school district2,28743419.0%77.9%9.9%25.1%$13,146
Lee CountyBeattyville · Regular school district89012614.2%72.2%Not published33.8%$13,180
Leslie CountyHyden · Regular school district1,53833721.9%78.6%6.8%30.4%$14,182
Letcher CountyWhitesburg · Regular school district2,42955622.9%84.9%10.3%20.5%$19,910
Lewis CountyVanceburg · Regular school district1,94234918.0%85.4%10.9%26.8%$13,355
Lincoln CountyStanford · Regular school district3,24061018.8%91.6%4.6%18.8%$14,329
Livingston CountySmithland · Regular school district1,02013212.9%88.6%Not published16.8%$15,316
Logan CountyRussellville · Regular school district3,44362418.1%89.1%4.8%20.7%$12,486
Ludlow IndependentLudlow · Regular school district83114417.3%93.8%Not published17.1%$15,419
Lyon CountyEddyville · Regular school district98711711.9%81.2%13.7%16.5%$13,103
Madison CountyRichmond · Regular school district11,1322,11919.0%74.6%8.5%15.6%$12,220
Magoffin CountySalyersville · Regular school district1,90343022.6%83.5%4.7%39.1%$13,277
Marion CountyLebanon · Regular school district3,03646115.2%90.0%3.7%18.9%$13,969
Marshall CountyBenton · Regular school district4,30270916.5%77.6%5.6%12.8%$13,556
Martin CountyInez · Regular school district1,71731818.5%90.6%7.5%32.3%$15,494
Mason CountyMaysville · Regular school district2,66845817.2%85.6%Not published19.5%$13,335
Mayfield IndependentMayfield · Regular school district2,06334816.9%73.0%7.2%32.1%$13,025
McCracken CountyPaducah · Regular school district6,7821,04815.5%78.6%8.8%12.4%$12,998
McCreary CountyStearns · Regular school district2,66855120.7%71.1%7.8%36.8%$14,190
McLean CountyCalhoun · Regular school district1,38719313.9%90.7%Not published17.7%$13,750
Meade CountyBrandenburg · Regular school district4,92280416.3%90.7%2.6%9.6%$11,054
Menifee CountyFrenchburg · Regular school district96020821.7%94.2%Not published28.9%$16,385
Mercer CountyHarrodsburg · Regular school district2,67552519.6%89.1%3.8%15.2%$13,217
Metcalfe CountyEdmonton · Regular school district1,41220014.2%86.0%5.0%28.5%$13,873
Middlesboro IndependentMiddlesboro · Regular school district1,16822719.4%78.9%9.7%41.7%$17,107
Model Laboratory Schools at EKURichmond · Other local education agency7087610.7%82.9%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Monroe CountyTompkinsville · Regular school district1,85634218.4%81.3%6.4%24.0%$16,103
Montgomery CountyMount Sterling · Regular school district4,44283218.7%86.2%4.7%15.5%$12,477
Morgan CountyWest Liberty · Regular school district1,76938121.5%76.9%3.4%26.7%$13,698
Muhlenberg CountyPowderly · Regular school district4,41077717.6%76.7%7.2%21.4%$13,468
Murray IndependentMurray · Regular school district1,94625713.2%87.2%Not published18.2%$15,282
Nelson CountyBardstown · Regular school district4,22767816.0%86.0%3.7%11.7%$15,226
Newport IndependentNewport · Regular school district1,36020715.2%72.9%10.1%23.5%$20,698
Nicholas CountyCarlisle · Regular school district1,08014013.0%88.6%Not published22.9%$11,695
Ohio CountyHartford · Regular school district3,72657215.4%71.7%12.2%16.3%$11,527
Oldham CountyBuckner · Regular school district12,0381,55712.9%81.7%7.8%4.2%$12,641
Owen CountyOwenton · Regular school district1,68027616.4%91.3%4.0%14.6%$13,941
Owensboro IndependentOwensboro · Regular school district5,04974114.7%77.9%8.2%23.0%$15,085
Owsley CountyBooneville · Regular school district72710915.0%75.2%Not published39.8%$18,383
Paducah IndependentPaducah · Regular school district3,10334211.0%81.6%12.6%24.3%$15,298
Paintsville IndependentPaintsville · Regular school district75212917.2%67.4%Not published38.1%$14,885
Paris IndependentParis · Regular school district85914917.3%83.9%7.4%24.1%$13,911
Pendleton CountyFalmouth · Regular school district2,13040018.8%80.8%3.0%17.4%$12,696
Perry CountyHazard · Regular school district3,43875421.9%78.4%8.9%22.3%$14,787
Pike CountyPikeville · Regular school district7,5151,27617.0%72.8%6.1%21.1%$13,762
Pikeville IndependentPikeville · Regular school district1,12913512.0%88.1%7.4%23.2%$14,937
Pineville IndependentPineville · Regular school district53110018.8%Not publishedNot published44.8%$16,650
Powell CountyStanton · Regular school district2,03138619.0%87.6%2.8%25.8%$13,108
Pulaski CountySomerset · Regular school district7,7291,27216.5%80.0%9.7%20.4%$12,883
Raceland-Worthington IndependentRaceland · Regular school district1,12014112.6%83.0%Not published14.5%$12,537
Robertson CountyMount Olivet · Regular school district4538218.1%100.0%0.0%20.9%$14,797
Rockcastle CountyMount Vernon · Regular school district2,79363122.6%85.6%3.5%24.3%$13,126
Rowan CountyMorehead · Regular school district3,43545813.3%83.6%13.5%23.0%$11,953
Russell CountyJamestown · Regular school district3,02451717.1%78.1%12.4%21.1%$12,819
Russell IndependentFlatwoods · Regular school district2,05332515.8%74.8%8.3%15.4%$14,142
Russellville IndependentRussellville · Regular school district97917117.5%85.4%Not published29.4%$15,201
Science Hill IndependentScience Hill · Regular school district4989018.1%81.1%Not published18.4%$11,812
Scott CountyGeorgetown · Regular school district9,8301,83718.7%85.6%5.1%9.1%$12,350
Shelby CountyShelbyville · Regular school district6,9851,12316.1%86.3%6.2%9.1%$13,205
Simpson CountyFranklin · Regular school district3,08048615.8%74.5%4.9%17.5%$13,421
Somerset IndependentSomerset · Regular school district1,76225614.5%78.9%Not published25.8%$13,080
Southgate IndependentSouthgate · Regular school district1803720.6%59.5%Not published25.6%$20,887
Spencer CountyTaylorsville · Regular school district3,34157317.2%89.7%7.7%8.0%$12,316
Taylor CountyCampbellsville · Regular school district2,70446217.1%88.1%4.8%16.7%$13,804
Todd CountyElkton · Regular school district1,88625213.4%82.1%11.9%20.0%$13,180
Trigg CountyCadiz · Regular school district1,95431616.2%77.2%3.5%20.7%$13,439
Trimble CountyBedford · Regular school district1,19419216.1%85.4%9.4%15.1%$12,162
Union CountyMorganfield · Regular school district2,08734316.4%83.4%9.0%18.2%$14,740
Walton-Verona IndependentWalton · Regular school district1,88026213.9%87.4%5.0%7.4%$13,430
Warren CountyBowling Green · Regular school district18,5592,57713.9%82.0%3.9%15.3%$12,064
Washington CountySpringfield · Regular school district1,80730516.9%83.0%3.6%16.4%$13,293
Wayne CountyMonticello · Regular school district3,06153617.5%75.7%6.7%31.8%$12,948
Webster CountyDixon · Regular school district2,16532415.0%90.4%6.2%19.6%$12,368
Whitley CountyWilliamsburg · Regular school district4,23498023.1%75.2%8.2%31.0%$13,977
Williamsburg IndependentWilliamsburg · Regular school district83311513.8%91.3%Not published37.2%$12,765
Williamstown IndependentWilliamstown · Regular school district85911313.2%83.2%Not published17.7%$13,769
Wolfe CountyCampton · Regular school district1,07229427.4%78.6%3.4%34.6%$17,789
Woodford CountyVersailles · Regular school district4,06459414.6%82.8%Not published10.3%$14,726

Kentucky in the East South Central division

The U.S. Census Bureau groups Kentucky with these states in the East South Central division of the South.

States in the East South Central division
StateIdentification rate80% or moreUnder 40%School-age povertySpending per student
Alabama13.7%82.5%9.1%19.0%$13,627
Kentucky15.9%76.8%8.5%17.5%$14,600
Mississippi15.7%78.9%11.9%23.8%$12,324
Tennessee13.1%76.5%10.5%17.5%$12,962

How these figures are built

Both parts. Rates use only the districts that reported both parts of the fraction. A district missing either part is left out of that rate, never counted as zero.

Not published. Not published means the publisher suppressed the figure to protect student privacy, did not report it, or the count is fewer than 10 students. It is never zero.

Students with IEPs, school age
Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21 served under IDEA Part B on the state’s child count date.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Child Count (file specification 002), district level, 2024–25 school year.
Identification rate
School-age students with IEPs as a share of all students enrolled in the same districts. A district that sends students to another district’s schools can count residents with IEPs it does not enroll, so its rate can run high.Who is counted: School-age students with IEPs, over all students enrolled prekindergarten through grade 12.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Child Count (file specification 002), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: School-age students with IEPs (IDEA child count), over Students enrolled (Common Core of Data membership).
In general education 80% or more of the day
Share of school-age students with IEPs inside the regular class 80% or more of the school day.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: Students in this setting, over All school-age students with IEPs in the environments file.
In general education less than 40% of the day
Share of school-age students with IEPs inside the regular class less than 40% of the school day.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: Students in this setting, over All school-age students with IEPs in the environments file.
In separate settings
Share of school-age students with IEPs in a separate school, a residential facility, at home or in a hospital, or in a correctional facility, taken together. Counted only where all four are published.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: Students in the four separate settings, over All school-age students with IEPs in the environments file.
School-age poverty (estimate)
Estimated share of related residents ages 5 to 17 living in families in poverty, within the district’s boundaries. A model-based estimate with a margin of error.Who is counted: Related residents ages 5 to 17 living within the district’s boundaries.Source: SAIPE school district estimates, Income year 2024.Both parts: Residents ages 5 to 17 in families in poverty, over Related residents ages 5 to 17.
Spending per student
Current spending on elementary-secondary education per pupil, as the Census Bureau publishes it: spending for students outside the system’s fall membership, capital outlay and debt service are excluded.Who is counted: All students enrolled in the school system (Census fall membership).Source: Public elementary-secondary education finance data, per-pupil spending by school system (table elsec24t), Fiscal year 2024 (the 2023–24 school year).Both parts: Current elementary-secondary spending, over Fall membership.

Sources

  1. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. IDEA Section 618 Part B Child Count (file specification 002), district level, 2024–25 school year. data.ed.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  2. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year. data.ed.gov. Licensed CC BY. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  3. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Common Core of Data, district membership (final), 2024–25 school year. nces.ed.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  4. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Common Core of Data, district directory (final), 2024–25 school year. nces.ed.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  5. U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates. SAIPE school district estimates, Income year 2024. www.census.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  6. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances (F-33). Public elementary-secondary education finance data, per-pupil spending by school system (table elsec24t), Fiscal year 2024 (the 2023–24 school year). www.census.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  7. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, EDGE program. School district boundaries (composite), simplified for display, 2024–25 school year. nces.ed.gov. Public domain.

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