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The Special Education Observatory · East South Central · South

Special education in Alabama

Students with IEPs in Alabama, where they spend the school day, and all 159 districts, from 2024–25 federal data.

  • 102,444school-age students with IEPs1.4% of the national total
  • 13.7%of enrolled students have an IEP1.7 points below the nation (15.3%) · 37th of 51
  • 82.5%in general education 80% or more of the day14.6 points above the nation (67.9%) · 1st of 51
  • 9.1%in general education less than 40% of the day4.0 points below the nation (13.0%) · 35th of 51
  • 151districts reporting a count4 withheld for privacy

Public data, 2024–25 school year · Data retrieved October 4, 2026

Alabama, district by district

Choose a measure. Hover or focus a district for its figure; select it to open its page.

Loading the Alabama district map.

Where students learn

Every setting the federal educational environments file reports for school-age students with IEPs in Alabama, beside the national share.

Share of school-age students with IEPs in each setting, Alabama, with United States (50 states and DC) marked. The table beside it gives the same figures.
  • In general education 80% or more of the day82.5%
  • In general education 40% to 79% of the day7.1%
  • In general education less than 40% of the day9.1%
  • Separate school1.2%
  • Residential facility0.4%
  • Homebound or hospital0.4%
  • Correctional facilityLess than 0.1%
  • Parentally placed in private school0.4%
Where students learn, Alabama
SettingStudentsShareUnited States
In general education 80% or more of the day84,07182.5%67.9%
In general education 40% to 79% of the day6,6827.1%15.2%
In general education less than 40% of the day8,5979.1%13.0%
Separate school9751.2%2.5%
Residential facility3690.4%0.1%
Homebound or hospital2530.4%0.3%
Correctional facility29Less than 0.1%0.1%
Parentally placed in private school2630.4%1.8%

What may be driving it

Where Alabama sits among the 50 states and DC on five measures, beside the nation.

Alabama among 50 states and DC on five measures. Each row gives the figure and its rank.
  • Identification rate13.7%37th highest of 51
  • In general education 80% or more of the day82.5%1st highest of 51
  • In separate settings2.5%22nd highest of 51
  • Spending per student$13,62739th highest of 51
  • School-age poverty (estimate)19.0%5th highest of 51

Questions worth asking

  1. 13.7% of Alabama's students have an IEP, 1.7 points below the nation (15.3%). How do referral, evaluation and eligibility practices shape that share?[1][3]
  2. 82.5% of students with IEPs spend 80% or more of the day in general education, against 67.9% for the nation. What makes inclusion work where it does, and what limits it elsewhere?[2]
  3. Spending per student is $13,627, against $17,314 for the nation. How much of the difference is cost of living, staffing levels or special education services?[6]
  4. An estimated 19.0% of school-age residents live in poverty, against 14.4% for the nation. How do poverty-related needs show up in referrals and services?[5]

These figures describe; they do not explain. Each question is a starting point for a conversation, not a finding.

Every district in Alabama

Search by name or city, filter by kind of agency, and select a column heading to sort. Not published always sorts last.

Showing 159 of 159

Every district in Alabama. Select a column heading to sort.
Al Inst Deaf And BlindTalladega · State operated agencyNot published310Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Al Sch Of Math And ScienceMobile · State operated agencyNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Alabama Aerospace and AviationBessemer · Independent charter district1611811.2%100.0%0.0%Not publishedNot published
Alabama School of Cyber Technology and EngineeringHuntsville · State operated agencyNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Alabama School of Fine ArtsBirmingham · State operated agencyNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Alabama Youth ServicesMt Meigs · Regular school districtNot published33Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Alabaster CityAlabaster · Regular school district6,31674911.9%70.0%13.0%10.2%$14,823
Albertville CityAlbertville · Regular school district5,9105048.5%84.7%9.3%21.7%$11,998
Alexander CityAlexander City · Regular school district2,83632111.3%81.9%5.0%25.8%$13,344
Andalusia CityAndalusia · Regular school district1,82331517.3%74.3%Not published29.9%$13,279
Anniston CityAnniston · Regular school district1,821Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published35.8%$17,191
Arab CityArab · Regular school district2,59529811.5%87.6%8.4%13.8%$12,313
Athens CityAthens · Regular school district5,40567712.5%85.7%7.7%13.4%$11,710
Attalla CityAttalla · Regular school district1,46019013.0%91.1%Not published29.9%$12,536
Auburn CityAuburn · Regular school district9,4881,10211.6%74.0%8.8%10.8%$13,134
Autauga CountyPrattville · Regular school district8,8881,24614.0%85.1%9.6%17.5%$11,826
Baldwin CountyBay Minette · Regular school district31,9654,79915.0%85.8%6.3%14.0%$14,438
Barbour CountyClayton · Regular school district658Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published43.1%$20,720
Bessemer CityBessemer · Regular school district3,0122849.4%79.2%13.4%33.9%$18,309
Bibb CountyCentreville · Regular school district3,06343414.2%85.0%8.8%25.1%$13,212
Birmingham CityBirmingham · Regular school district20,9542,53512.1%79.3%9.5%32.0%$17,894
Blount CountyOneonta · Regular school district7,6001,17015.4%87.1%7.4%14.4%$11,899
Boaz CityBoaz · Regular school district2,6072369.1%86.0%6.4%18.9%$13,038
Breakthrough Charter SchoolMarion · Independent charter district375308.0%90.0%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Brewton CityBrewton · Regular school district1,1681018.6%82.2%Not published25.1%$14,021
Bullock CountyUnion Springs · Regular school district1,3271249.3%78.2%18.5%38.8%$14,896
Butler CountyGreenville · Regular school district2,69936613.6%83.3%10.7%29.5%$13,445
Calhoun CountyAnniston · Regular school district7,9971,33816.7%92.2%Not published20.0%$12,610
Chambers CountyLafayette · Regular school district3,20338912.1%82.5%11.1%24.2%$14,232
Cherokee CountyCentre · Regular school district3,86050413.1%92.7%Not published20.6%$13,383
Chickasaw CityChickasaw · Regular school district2,67952019.4%83.5%12.3%28.6%$10,707
Chilton CountyClanton · Regular school district7,92199812.6%83.9%6.4%19.9%$11,468
Choctaw CountyButler · Regular school district1,02513713.4%81.0%Not published27.0%$18,051
Clarke CountyGrove Hill · Regular school district2,13032615.3%77.6%17.2%27.9%$14,485
Clay CountyAshland · Regular school district1,72920011.6%83.5%11.0%24.0%$12,865
Cleburne CountyHeflin · Regular school district2,49034713.9%89.0%9.5%17.6%$12,965
Coffee CountyElba · Regular school district2,95335312.0%90.4%3.7%13.1%$11,571
Colbert CountyTuscumbia · Regular school district2,57353520.8%93.5%5.4%20.5%$15,636
Conecuh CountyEvergreen · Regular school district1,34418713.9%88.8%7.0%33.3%$18,623
Coosa CountyRockford · Regular school district75113918.5%71.9%7.2%26.7%$16,560
Covenant Academy of MobileMobile · Independent charter district327329.8%Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Covington CountyAndalusia · Regular school district3,02846315.3%89.6%Not published21.6%$12,639
Crenshaw CountyLuverne · Regular school district2,06335117.0%83.5%7.4%27.6%$14,702
Cullman CityCullman · Regular school district3,24343713.5%73.9%8.5%15.0%$14,319
Cullman CountyCullman · Regular school district9,9011,65716.7%81.1%Not published18.6%$12,494
Dale CountyOzark · Regular school district3,37640812.1%88.5%5.6%21.4%$12,568
Daleville CityDaleville · Regular school district1,15619116.5%86.9%7.3%27.4%$11,840
Dallas CountySelma · Regular school district2,28334315.0%82.2%5.8%37.9%$19,421
Decatur CityDecatur · Regular school district8,9021,27314.3%83.4%9.7%18.9%$15,311
DeKalb CountyRainsville · Regular school district8,7691,11112.7%87.9%6.2%25.5%$13,288
Demopolis CityDemopolis · Regular school district1,9181749.1%75.3%14.9%29.2%$13,726
Dothan CityDothan · Regular school district8,2201,43217.4%77.3%7.4%24.0%$14,245
Elba CityElba · Regular school district6037812.9%94.9%Not published26.0%$15,429
Elmore CountyWetumpka · Regular school district11,7411,80915.4%88.2%6.6%14.3%$12,174
Empower Schools of AlabamaBessemer · Independent charter district412379.0%Not published0.0%Not publishedNot published
Enterprise CityEnterprise · Regular school district6,6125878.9%87.6%4.4%16.2%$12,322
Escambia CountyBrewton · Regular school district4,07250212.3%84.5%11.0%24.9%$15,884
Etowah CountyGadsden · Regular school district8,7391,42416.3%89.0%7.5%17.8%$11,938
Eufaula CityEufaula · Regular school district8,4211,22414.5%86.5%9.6%37.7%$8,566
Fairfield CityFairfield · Regular school district1,34817112.7%80.7%11.7%30.7%$18,625
Fayette CountyFayette · Regular school district2,26835715.7%88.8%Not published23.3%$12,918
Florence CityFlorence · Regular school district4,57472915.9%84.5%12.3%17.6%$15,456
Floretta P Carson Visual and Performing ArtsMobile · Independent charter district235218.9%Not published0.0%Not publishedNot published
Fort Payne CityFort Payne · Regular school district3,5083369.6%77.1%18.2%29.0%$11,964
Franklin CountyRussellville · Regular school district3,56353715.1%89.2%5.8%21.1%$13,687
Freedom Prep AcademyBirmingham · Independent charter district41Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Gadsden CityGadsden · Regular school district4,94077115.6%81.5%9.6%32.9%$14,326
Geneva CityGeneva · Regular school district1,22916213.2%84.6%9.9%22.0%$13,675
Geneva CountyGeneva · Regular school district2,81444615.8%89.5%5.6%23.1%$12,589
Greene CountyEutaw · Regular school district841728.6%79.2%Not published53.1%$19,272
Gulf Shores CityGulf Shores · Regular school district2,7482348.5%85.9%8.1%13.4%$13,489
Guntersville CityGuntersville · Regular school district1,81018810.4%86.7%8.5%17.5%$14,269
Hale CountyGreensboro · Regular school district2,19322710.4%82.4%4.8%31.0%$14,365
Haleyville CityHaleyville · Regular school district1,59724715.5%90.3%5.3%23.7%$14,335
Hartselle CityHartselle · Regular school district3,68351514.0%83.5%11.3%8.8%$13,237
Henry CountyAbbeville · Regular school district2,52436614.5%83.1%10.9%19.0%$12,628
Homewood CityHomewood · Regular school district4,4923147.0%64.3%8.9%5.7%$15,408
Hoover CityHoover · Regular school district13,6321,56211.5%78.7%12.1%6.4%$15,227
Houston CountyDothan · Regular school district6,90789412.9%84.9%8.5%18.6%$11,679
Huntsville CityHuntsville · Regular school district24,2223,55414.7%84.8%11.3%14.2%$14,207
i3 AcademyBirmingham · Independent charter district81111013.6%80.9%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Ivy Classical AcademyPrattville · Independent charter district619376.0%Not published0.0%Not publishedNot published
Jackson CountyHollywood · Regular school district5,15976814.9%92.2%4.0%18.0%$13,280
Jacksonville CityJacksonville · Regular school district1,68526515.7%87.9%6.8%19.4%$12,501
Jasper CityJasper · Regular school district2,95042914.5%85.5%Not published21.5%$12,786
Jefferson CountyBirmingham · Regular school district35,4445,14814.5%78.4%12.1%17.9%$12,625
JF Ingram State Technical CollegeDeatsville · State operated agencyNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Lamar CountyVernon · Regular school district2,12940118.8%89.8%Not published21.4%$12,732
Lanett CityLanett · Regular school district97112713.1%83.5%12.6%41.3%$13,677
Lauderdale CountyFlorence · Regular school district7,9521,22315.4%90.4%4.9%11.3%$13,096
Lawrence CountyMoulton · Regular school district4,67686518.5%86.7%9.4%21.8%$13,714
LEAD AcademyMontgomery · Independent charter district752547.2%94.4%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Lee CountyOpelika · Regular school district9,0261,30914.5%81.0%11.1%13.7%$14,049
Leeds CityLeeds · Regular school district2,27134715.3%84.7%9.2%14.8%$12,251
Legacy PrepBirmingham · Independent charter district5365510.3%94.5%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
LIFE AcademyMontgomery · Independent charter district599549.0%Not published0.0%Not publishedNot published
Limestone CountyAthens · Regular school district16,4972,34714.2%85.0%7.0%12.1%$9,711
Linden CityLinden · Regular school district387Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published31.6%$17,906
Lowndes CountyHayneville · Regular school district1,10912411.2%79.8%Not published38.6%$22,033
Macon CountyTuskegee · Regular school district1,69218010.6%77.2%17.8%34.7%$18,368
Madison CityMadison · Regular school district13,0461,66212.7%83.6%9.3%5.1%$12,454
Madison CountyHuntsville · Regular school district20,6912,64712.8%77.0%12.0%8.5%$11,271
MAEF Public Charter SchoolsMobile · Independent charter district83516820.1%95.8%0.0%Not publishedNot published
Magic City Acceptance AcademyHomewood · Independent charter district3456518.8%87.7%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Marengo CountyLinden · Regular school district96514715.2%90.5%Not published28.5%$18,251
Marion CountyHamilton · Regular school district3,30244913.6%85.5%8.0%26.8%$12,948
Marshall CountyGuntersville · Regular school district6,49481112.5%86.6%9.7%17.8%$13,665
Midfield CityMidfield · Regular school district99210210.3%77.5%10.8%33.0%Not published
Mobile CountyMobile · Regular school district49,9468,28316.6%78.6%9.7%20.5%$14,984
Monroe CountyMonroeville · Regular school district2,96339913.5%78.9%15.3%29.6%$13,762
Montgomery CountyMontgomery · Regular school district26,3952,63410.0%75.6%13.5%27.6%$13,924
Morgan CountyDecatur · Regular school district7,6191,07714.1%86.5%7.7%12.8%$12,419
Mountain Brook CityMountain Brook · Regular school district4,42557613.0%87.5%Not published1.7%$18,391
Muscle Shoals CityMuscle Shoals · Regular school district2,97934511.6%84.1%5.8%15.7%$13,759
Oneonta CityOneonta · Regular school district1,3801188.6%86.4%8.5%16.1%$12,552
Opelika CityOpelika · Regular school district5,37764111.9%82.8%9.4%24.1%$12,919
Opp CityOpp · Regular school district1,32217012.9%82.4%9.4%31.2%$13,510
Orange Beach CityOrange Beach · Regular school district1,2621007.9%91.0%Not published11.0%Not published
Oxford CityOxford · Regular school district4,10351612.6%81.2%8.9%20.6%$14,703
Ozark CityOzark · Regular school district1,90529915.7%78.9%9.4%30.7%$14,474
Pelham CityPelham · Regular school district3,44443312.6%83.6%10.6%9.0%$13,581
Pell CityPell City · Regular school district4,07959114.5%80.4%9.3%13.8%$12,818
Perry CountyMarion · Regular school district8158510.4%96.5%Not published48.1%$19,605
Phenix CityPhenix City · Regular school district7,19876910.7%81.8%9.5%28.1%$12,346
Pickens CountyCarrollton · Regular school district2,21036416.5%88.7%9.6%27.4%$15,040
Piedmont CityPiedmont · Regular school district1,08015414.3%89.0%Not published28.5%$12,294
Pike CountyTroy · Regular school district2,12428713.5%88.9%Not published33.4%$15,014
Pike Road CityMontgomery · Regular school district2,82228810.2%80.2%7.3%6.4%$11,164
Randolph CountyWedowee · Regular school district2,08932415.5%89.8%6.5%21.3%$13,643
Roanoke CityRoanoke · Regular school district1,35515911.7%87.4%Not published28.4%$13,521
Russell CountyPhenix City · Regular school district3,85043311.2%88.7%7.9%22.8%$12,537
Russellville CityRussellville · Regular school district2,61528610.9%82.2%9.8%25.4%$13,462
Saraland CitySaraland · Regular school district3,51438911.1%81.5%17.0%11.4%$12,127
Satsuma CitySatsuma · Regular school district1,53419312.6%85.5%7.3%7.9%$13,481
Scottsboro CityScottsboro · Regular school district2,45733213.5%89.2%6.0%20.0%$13,930
Selma CitySelma · Regular school district2,30129012.6%74.8%5.9%46.0%$14,883
Sheffield CitySheffield · Regular school district1,02919018.5%86.3%Not published31.9%$16,084
Shelby CountyColumbiana · Regular school district20,6382,84513.8%70.7%11.7%8.0%$13,422
St Clair CountyAshville · Regular school district9,6581,45115.0%85.5%5.9%11.3%$11,330
Sumter CountyLivingston · Regular school district90111813.1%83.9%11.0%38.2%$21,792
Sylacauga CitySylacauga · Regular school district1,97629815.1%81.5%11.1%31.8%$13,879
Talladega CityTalladega · Regular school district1,463Not publishedNot publishedNot publishedNot published30.0%$18,547
Talladega CountyTalladega · Regular school district7,1781,00514.0%80.1%7.9%28.2%$12,819
Tallapoosa CountyDadeville · Regular school district2,82240514.4%87.2%5.9%22.6%$14,626
Tallassee CityTallassee · Regular school district1,50727318.1%82.4%9.2%19.2%$14,146
Tarrant CityTarrant · Regular school district1,30815111.5%83.4%11.3%33.8%$14,648
Thomasville CityThomasville · Regular school district1,01313012.8%83.8%10.0%26.0%$15,001
Troy CityTroy · Regular school district1,82730816.9%81.5%9.4%34.3%$14,037
Trussville CityTrussville · Regular school district5,00551410.3%81.5%11.7%3.8%$13,383
Tuscaloosa CityTuscaloosa · Regular school district11,2301,41812.6%69.0%11.8%22.3%$15,597
Tuscaloosa CountyTuscaloosa · Regular school district19,2782,81114.6%80.1%8.0%14.6%$12,186
Tuscumbia CityTuscumbia · Regular school district1,59718211.4%89.6%Not published25.5%$12,663
University Charter SchoolLivingston · Independent charter district7168912.4%82.0%Not publishedNot publishedNot published
Vestavia Hills CityVestavia Hills · Regular school district6,9346108.8%84.4%6.7%2.5%$15,742
Walker CountyJasper · Regular school district7,0911,14816.2%86.8%Not published21.7%$13,876
Washington CountyChatom · Regular school district2,39029812.5%88.9%8.7%26.1%$14,492
Wilcox CountyCamden · Regular school district1,147968.4%70.8%20.8%46.1%$19,885
Winfield CityWinfield · Regular school district1,20415212.6%83.6%9.9%22.8%$13,754
Winston CountyDouble Springs · Regular school district2,30946920.3%92.1%2.1%21.6%$15,505

Alabama in the East South Central division

The U.S. Census Bureau groups Alabama with these states in the East South Central division of the South.

States in the East South Central division
StateIdentification rate80% or moreUnder 40%School-age povertySpending per student
Alabama13.7%82.5%9.1%19.0%$13,627
Kentucky15.9%76.8%8.5%17.5%$14,600
Mississippi15.7%78.9%11.9%23.8%$12,324
Tennessee13.1%76.5%10.5%17.5%$12,962

How these figures are built

Both parts. Rates use only the districts that reported both parts of the fraction. A district missing either part is left out of that rate, never counted as zero.

Not published. Not published means the publisher suppressed the figure to protect student privacy, did not report it, or the count is fewer than 10 students. It is never zero.

Students with IEPs, school age
Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21 served under IDEA Part B on the state’s child count date.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Child Count (file specification 002), district level, 2024–25 school year.
Identification rate
School-age students with IEPs as a share of all students enrolled in the same districts. A district that sends students to another district’s schools can count residents with IEPs it does not enroll, so its rate can run high.Who is counted: School-age students with IEPs, over all students enrolled prekindergarten through grade 12.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Child Count (file specification 002), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: School-age students with IEPs (IDEA child count), over Students enrolled (Common Core of Data membership).
In general education 80% or more of the day
Share of school-age students with IEPs inside the regular class 80% or more of the school day.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: Students in this setting, over All school-age students with IEPs in the environments file.
In general education less than 40% of the day
Share of school-age students with IEPs inside the regular class less than 40% of the school day.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: Students in this setting, over All school-age students with IEPs in the environments file.
In separate settings
Share of school-age students with IEPs in a separate school, a residential facility, at home or in a hospital, or in a correctional facility, taken together. Counted only where all four are published.Who is counted: Students with IEPs ages 5 (in kindergarten) through 21.Source: IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year.Both parts: Students in the four separate settings, over All school-age students with IEPs in the environments file.
School-age poverty (estimate)
Estimated share of related residents ages 5 to 17 living in families in poverty, within the district’s boundaries. A model-based estimate with a margin of error.Who is counted: Related residents ages 5 to 17 living within the district’s boundaries.Source: SAIPE school district estimates, Income year 2024.Both parts: Residents ages 5 to 17 in families in poverty, over Related residents ages 5 to 17.
Spending per student
Current spending on elementary-secondary education per pupil, as the Census Bureau publishes it: spending for students outside the system’s fall membership, capital outlay and debt service are excluded.Who is counted: All students enrolled in the school system (Census fall membership).Source: Public elementary-secondary education finance data, per-pupil spending by school system (table elsec24t), Fiscal year 2024 (the 2023–24 school year).Both parts: Current elementary-secondary spending, over Fall membership.

Sources

  1. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. IDEA Section 618 Part B Child Count (file specification 002), district level, 2024–25 school year. data.ed.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  2. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. IDEA Section 618 Part B Educational Environments (file specification 089), district level, 2024–25 school year. data.ed.gov. Licensed CC BY. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  3. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Common Core of Data, district membership (final), 2024–25 school year. nces.ed.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  4. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Common Core of Data, district directory (final), 2024–25 school year. nces.ed.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  5. U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates. SAIPE school district estimates, Income year 2024. www.census.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  6. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances (F-33). Public elementary-secondary education finance data, per-pupil spending by school system (table elsec24t), Fiscal year 2024 (the 2023–24 school year). www.census.gov. Public domain. Retrieved October 4, 2026.
  7. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, EDGE program. School district boundaries (composite), simplified for display, 2024–25 school year. nces.ed.gov. Public domain.

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